As world leaders prepare to gather for COP26 next month, expectations for progress are low, even as the need to address climate change becomes more urgent. The European Union was critical in building the coalition needed to conclude the Paris climate agreement in 2015, and success in Glasgow may again depend on EU leadership.
COPENHAGEN – The United Kingdom’s prime minister, Boris Johnson, may not appeal to everyone – especially European Union leaders put off by Brexit. But the UK is hosting the latest round of global climate negotiations, COP26, in Glasgow next month, so the EU must put aside its issues with Johnson and come ready to work.
Up to this point, the history of the global climate talks held under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a tale of two European cities: Copenhagen and Paris.
In 2009, world leaders and their national negotiators came together in Copenhagen to conclude a comprehensive treaty that would commit the entire world to far-reaching action to prevent the worst ravages of global warming. It didn’t happen. Too many of the big players (and emitters) arrived without any viable proposals for reducing greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, and EU leaders found themselves hanging around in the corridors while the United States, China, and India crafted a nonbinding agreement that left many issues unresolved. Representatives from the most vulnerable countries looked on in despair as their interests once again were sidelined.
A key political miscalculation doomed the Copenhagen meeting to fail: While the EU is the champion of its own people, it is also a vital partner to those countries most affected by the terrifying consequences of climate change. Without European partnership – and by that I mean real political, practical, and financial aid – the most vulnerable are left with no role in negotiations and no choice in terms of the sources and conditions of the support available to them.
But the EU learned from this experience. In 2011, at COP17 in Durban, South Africa, the EU led the way with a roadmap to ensure a voice for those most at risk. That initiative delivered an outcome that paved the way for the Paris climate agreement at COP21 four years later.
In 2015, when world leaders came to Paris, the Europeans again played a leading role. The EU helped form the High Ambition Coalition, an informal group of developed and developing countries committed to supporting the common goal of a genuine transition to a green economy. This time, the US and China signaled that they understood the shared interest in climate action. The target of limiting global warming to 1.5º Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels was established, and developed countries pledged to fund the poorest countries’ efforts to mitigate the impact of climate change and achieve sustainable economic growth. The onus was on the major economies to act fast and share the benefits of their wealth and knowledge.
Access every new PS commentary, our entire On Point suite of subscriber-exclusive content – including Longer Reads, Insider Interviews, Big Picture/Big Question, and Say More – and the full PS archive.
Subscribe Now
The Paris agreement was signed, and suddenly the future looked a little brighter. But in the six years since, annual global GHG emissions have continued to climb, even in the pandemic-stricken year of 2020. Climate models have proven devastatingly accurate, as floods, hurricanes, wildfires, and killer heat waves grow in frequency and intensity. And this, as we know, is only the beginning.
While discussions of the climate crisis once were considered a problem for future generations or those already living in extreme conditions, now Europe is suffering, too. Germans and Belgians are being killed by floods, and extreme temperatures are upending entire communities across the Mediterranean.
And so, we arrive at Glasgow. This is the year all Paris agreement signatories, having assessed their progress, were meant to return to the table prepared to increase their ambition for action at home and, in the case of richer countries, deliver support to poorer ones. But there is not enough new money being offered. And the UK’s decision to reduce its historic 0.7%-of-GDP overseas aid commitment just months before taking over the COP presidency sent the wrong message.
Meanwhile, parts of the British government seem to be more focused on spectacle than substance, and the US and China seem more interested in goading each other than in focusing on their respective contributions to the fight against global warming. The tasks for the world’s two largest emitters, jointly responsible for almost half of global emissions, are clear: The US must follow through on its pledge to provide climate finance, and China must phase out its use of coal. Each is as important as the other.
But where are the Europeans? Few, if any, EU governments are engaged in serious diplomacy to reconstitute the High Ambition Coalition that was critical to success in Paris, and the EU is not exerting any real pressure on the US to deliver its share of the annual $100 billion promised to poor countries to help them adapt and thrive.
If COP26 is to take its rightful place in history as the moment the world truly decided to work together to address our greatest-ever threat, the EU must stand up. The EU is the world’s richest trading bloc, most established diplomatic force, and leading example of the power of tolerance and fairness. Unless it plays a key role, COP26 will fail.
Everyone, everywhere will benefit if the EU, its leaders, and its diplomatic machinery move now to avert disaster and secure victory for global, inclusive, and ambitious climate action. Real money and real emissions reductions need to emerge from Glasgow. Real money, real action, and real emissions reductions are needed or Glasgow could be yet another disappointing COP: exactly what the world cannot afford.
To have unlimited access to our content including in-depth commentaries, book reviews, exclusive interviews, PS OnPoint and PS The Big Picture, please subscribe
Not only did Donald Trump win last week’s US presidential election decisively – winning some three million more votes than his opponent, Vice President Kamala Harris – but the Republican Party he now controls gained majorities in both houses on Congress. Given the far-reaching implications of this result – for both US democracy and global stability – understanding how it came about is essential.
By voting for Republican candidates, working-class voters effectively get to have their cake and eat it, expressing conservative moral preferences while relying on Democrats to fight for their basic economic security. The best strategy for Democrats now will be to permit voters to face the consequences of their choice.
urges the party to adopt a long-term strategy aimed at discrediting the MAGA ideology once and for all.
COPENHAGEN – The United Kingdom’s prime minister, Boris Johnson, may not appeal to everyone – especially European Union leaders put off by Brexit. But the UK is hosting the latest round of global climate negotiations, COP26, in Glasgow next month, so the EU must put aside its issues with Johnson and come ready to work.
Up to this point, the history of the global climate talks held under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a tale of two European cities: Copenhagen and Paris.
In 2009, world leaders and their national negotiators came together in Copenhagen to conclude a comprehensive treaty that would commit the entire world to far-reaching action to prevent the worst ravages of global warming. It didn’t happen. Too many of the big players (and emitters) arrived without any viable proposals for reducing greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, and EU leaders found themselves hanging around in the corridors while the United States, China, and India crafted a nonbinding agreement that left many issues unresolved. Representatives from the most vulnerable countries looked on in despair as their interests once again were sidelined.
A key political miscalculation doomed the Copenhagen meeting to fail: While the EU is the champion of its own people, it is also a vital partner to those countries most affected by the terrifying consequences of climate change. Without European partnership – and by that I mean real political, practical, and financial aid – the most vulnerable are left with no role in negotiations and no choice in terms of the sources and conditions of the support available to them.
But the EU learned from this experience. In 2011, at COP17 in Durban, South Africa, the EU led the way with a roadmap to ensure a voice for those most at risk. That initiative delivered an outcome that paved the way for the Paris climate agreement at COP21 four years later.
In 2015, when world leaders came to Paris, the Europeans again played a leading role. The EU helped form the High Ambition Coalition, an informal group of developed and developing countries committed to supporting the common goal of a genuine transition to a green economy. This time, the US and China signaled that they understood the shared interest in climate action. The target of limiting global warming to 1.5º Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels was established, and developed countries pledged to fund the poorest countries’ efforts to mitigate the impact of climate change and achieve sustainable economic growth. The onus was on the major economies to act fast and share the benefits of their wealth and knowledge.
Introductory Offer: Save 30% on PS Digital
Access every new PS commentary, our entire On Point suite of subscriber-exclusive content – including Longer Reads, Insider Interviews, Big Picture/Big Question, and Say More – and the full PS archive.
Subscribe Now
The Paris agreement was signed, and suddenly the future looked a little brighter. But in the six years since, annual global GHG emissions have continued to climb, even in the pandemic-stricken year of 2020. Climate models have proven devastatingly accurate, as floods, hurricanes, wildfires, and killer heat waves grow in frequency and intensity. And this, as we know, is only the beginning.
While discussions of the climate crisis once were considered a problem for future generations or those already living in extreme conditions, now Europe is suffering, too. Germans and Belgians are being killed by floods, and extreme temperatures are upending entire communities across the Mediterranean.
And so, we arrive at Glasgow. This is the year all Paris agreement signatories, having assessed their progress, were meant to return to the table prepared to increase their ambition for action at home and, in the case of richer countries, deliver support to poorer ones. But there is not enough new money being offered. And the UK’s decision to reduce its historic 0.7%-of-GDP overseas aid commitment just months before taking over the COP presidency sent the wrong message.
Meanwhile, parts of the British government seem to be more focused on spectacle than substance, and the US and China seem more interested in goading each other than in focusing on their respective contributions to the fight against global warming. The tasks for the world’s two largest emitters, jointly responsible for almost half of global emissions, are clear: The US must follow through on its pledge to provide climate finance, and China must phase out its use of coal. Each is as important as the other.
But where are the Europeans? Few, if any, EU governments are engaged in serious diplomacy to reconstitute the High Ambition Coalition that was critical to success in Paris, and the EU is not exerting any real pressure on the US to deliver its share of the annual $100 billion promised to poor countries to help them adapt and thrive.
If COP26 is to take its rightful place in history as the moment the world truly decided to work together to address our greatest-ever threat, the EU must stand up. The EU is the world’s richest trading bloc, most established diplomatic force, and leading example of the power of tolerance and fairness. Unless it plays a key role, COP26 will fail.
Everyone, everywhere will benefit if the EU, its leaders, and its diplomatic machinery move now to avert disaster and secure victory for global, inclusive, and ambitious climate action. Real money and real emissions reductions need to emerge from Glasgow. Real money, real action, and real emissions reductions are needed or Glasgow could be yet another disappointing COP: exactly what the world cannot afford.