eichengreen150_OLIVIER MATTHYSPOOLAFP via Getty Images_christine lagarde Olivier Matthys/Pool/AFP via Getty Images

New-Model Central Banks

Monetary authorities are increasingly expected to address issues such as climate change and inequality, over the objections of those who insist that central banks' narrow mandate is what sustains their operational independence. But ignoring these issues, or saying they're someone else's problem, is no longer an option.

BERKELEY – We are used to thinking about the remit of central banks as focusing narrowly on price stability, or at most as targeting inflation while ensuring the smooth operation of the payment system. But with the global financial crisis of 2008 and now COVID-19, we have seen central banks intervening to support a growing range of markets and activities, using instruments that extend well beyond interest rates and open market operations.

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