The Starmer Model
(1) A very misleading analysis & argument (and the abstract is even worse). A case of seeing what you want to & ignoring the rest. Starmer got a smaller vote share & a fewer number of votes than Corbyn in the 2017 election, and barely beat Corbyn's 2019 performance (Corbyn 32.2 % vs. Starmer 33.7%). (2) In 2019, UKIP ate into the Labor vote. In 2024, Reform split the Conservative vote. (3) I could say more but I'm tired.