From Beethoven to Beijing

Much of the history of the two centuries since the opera "Fidelio" was first performed have centered on the quest for freedom that Beethoven honored. On the whole, liberty has triumphed, though the struggle is not yet over, as recent protests in Hong Kong have shown.

LONDON – On July 1, 17 years ago, I was sailing on Britain’s Royal Yacht away from Hong Kong where, at midnight the previous day, China assumed sovereignty under the terms of an international agreement with the United Kingdom (tabled at the United Nations) known as the Joint Declaration. That agreement guaranteed Hong Kong’s way of life for 50 years under Deng Xiaoping’s slogan “One country, two systems.” The rule of law and the freedoms associated with pluralism – due process and the freedom of speech, assembly, and worship – were to remain the bedrock of Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability.

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